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You are here: Home1 / Blog2 / Recursos en Español / Spanish Resources3 / Ejecución de un poder notarial en Maryland (y por qué cada adulto debería te...

Ejecución de un poder notarial en Maryland (y por qué cada adulto debería tener uno)

¿Qué es un poder notarial? 

Un poder notarial (también, “poder notarial” o “POA”) permite que un individuo, conocido como el “principal”, asigne un agente para administrar sus asuntos legales y financieros si no puede hacerlo. Un POA mantiene el poder del principal para actuar y define los límites del poder otorgado al agente. Los poderes médicos se denominan directivas avanzadas. Las directivas avanzadas aseguran que los deseos de un individuo se cumplan incluso si no pueden tomar y comunicar sus decisiones de atención médica. Las directivas avanzadas pueden nombrar a una persona para llevar a cabo los deseos del paciente, establecer los tipos de tratamientos que desean en diferentes situaciones y evitar que los miembros de la familia tengan que tomar decisiones desgarradoras.

Creación de un documento de poder notarial en Maryland

Para crear un poder notarial en Maryland, una persona debe tener al menos 18 años de edad, tener la intención de otorgar el poder a la persona nombrada en el documento y ser mentalmente competente. Un poder notarial puede ser general o limitado. Un poder notarial general le da al agente la capacidad de actuar para el principal en todos los asuntos comerciales y personales, como abrir y cerrar cuentas bancarias, solicitar préstamos, demandar y celebrar un contrato. Un poder notarial limitado autoriza al agente a actuar solo en los asuntos definidos en el documento. Por ejemplo, un poder notarial limitado a menudo se usa para dar a los agentes el poder de actuar en nombre del director solo cuando el director no puede tomar sus propias decisiones.

Un poder notarial escrito puede ser convencional o duradero. Un poder notarial convencional finaliza cuando el director no puede tomar sus propias decisiones, mientras que un poder notarial duradero no lo hace. En Maryland, se supone que un poder notarial escrito es duradero a menos que el documento indique lo contrario. Un poder notarial normalmente entra en vigencia tan pronto como se firma el documento, sin embargo, un poder notarial “emergente” puede entrar en vigencia solo después de cierto evento.

Entonces, ¿por qué todos los adultos deben tener un poder notarial?

Para las parejas casadas con cuentas bancarias separadas o con la mayoría de los activos a nombre de un cónyuge, los poderes notariales permiten que un cónyuge actúe en nombre del otro en situaciones financieras, accediendo a cuentas bancarias y otras tareas como pagar facturas. Sin un poder notarial, completar estas tareas sería extremadamente difícil si un cónyuge fallece o se vuelve incapaz de actuar por su cuenta.

Tanto para las personas solteras como para las parejas no casadas, solo los poderes notariales médicos o las directivas avanzadas pueden permitir que otros tomen decisiones de atención médica en su nombre. Los padres pierden el derecho de tomar decisiones médicas y acceder a los registros de atención médica de sus hijos después de que cumplan dieciocho años, y la Ley de Responsabilidad y Portabilidad del Seguro de Salud de 1996 (HIPAA) prohíbe compartir información de atención médica con personas no autorizadas. Esto significa que los padres y las parejas románticas estarían relativamente indefensos para cumplir los deseos de la persona sin una instrucción anticipada.En una nota más clara, los poderes notariales también son útiles para adultos jóvenes y estudiantes universitarios porque les permiten a los padres o tutores ayudarlos con la banca, la obtención de préstamos, la celebración de contratos o cualquier otro asunto legal o financiero mientras viven solos o incluso estudiando en el extranjero.

La información de este artículo se ofrece solo con fines educativos y no constituye asesoramiento jurídico. Para obtener ayuda específica, consulte con un abogado autorizado en su jurisdicción.

Para asistencia en la actualización o creación o de su plan de patrimonio de Maryland, le invitamos a contactar Las Oficinas Legales de Elsa W. Smith, LLC al 410-995-7719 para programar su consulta hoy.

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